Circulating Levels of GLP-1 and AGEs in a Group of Iraqi Women with Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case-Control Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbaghdad3306Keywords:
Advanced Glycation End Products, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, HOMA-IR, Hyperandrogenism, Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome, PMOSAbstract
Background: Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) is a common condition that affects women of reproductive age. It is usually associated with hormonal and metabolic disorders. However, the precise relationship between these derangements and the development of PMOS is unclear.
Objectives: To evaluate the circulatory levels of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) in PMOS and to explore the possible application of these factors as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the College of Science, University of Baghdad, between Nov. 2024 and Feb. 2025. The study involved 90 Iraqi women aged 18-45 years, divided into two groups: 50 women who had recently been diagnosed with PMOS and 40 healthy women as controls. Hormonal profiles and metabolic parameters (GLP-1 and AGEs) were measured in all participants.
Results: Women with PMOS had an elevated hormonal profile, characterized by higher concentrations of LH, an LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), along with a considerable drop in FSH compared to the control group. They also showed significant elevations in metabolic parameters (AGEs and GLP-1) compared to the control group. GLP-1 and AGEs had an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.000, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, indicating their diagnostic value.
Conclusions: The increase in GLP-1 and AGEs reveals hormonal-metabolic dysregulation, indicating a high degree of correlation in the complexity and progression of the disease. The high diagnostic accuracy of GLP-1 and AGEs in PMOS, may suggest that they are potential biomarkers for diagnosing the disease.
Received: 27 Jan. 2026,
Revised:3 May 2026,
Accepted:17 May 2026,
Published Online: May 2026
Published: 01 July 2026
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